No. 31Rights & Licenses

Work for Hire

Also called work made for hire, made for hire, WFH clause

Classifies recordings as employer-commissioned works, permanently removing the artist's right to reclaim copyright after 35 years.

High risk

If enforced, the artist permanently forfeits the right to reclaim recordings under US copyright law.

Appears in
Recording Agreement, 360 Deal, Producer Agreement
Topic
Ownership & Copyright
Jurisdiction
United States
Reviewed
July 2026

In plain English

US copyright law gives artists the right to reclaim recordings after 35 years by filing a termination notice. Labels try to block this by designating recordings as 'works made for hire.' If the designation is upheld, no termination right attaches. Courts remain divided on whether sound recordings can be works for hire at all, but labels include the clause as a precaution.

Why it matters

The 35-year termination right exists specifically to give artists a second chance at their catalogue. A work-for-hire clause is an attempt to contract away a statutory right. For recordings made now, this will matter enormously in 2055–2060.

Where it can land

The same clause is drafted three ways. These are the positions we see, worst first, so you can tell at a glance which one is in front of you.

Off marketPush back
  • Recordings explicitly designated 'works made for hire' under 17 U.S.C. § 101
  • Work-for-hire designation combined with a full copyright assignment as backup
  • No explicit acknowledgment of artist's termination rights
StandardWorth negotiating
  • Assignment 'to the fullest extent permitted by law' (ambiguous regarding termination rights)
Artist-friendlyWhat fair looks like
  • Licence-based structure rather than assignment
  • Explicit preservation of 17 U.S.C. § 203 termination rights

The language

The drafting language and the negotiation moves for this clause are part of the workspace.

You have read what the clause means and where the risk sits. The rest is the side-by-side of how it reads when it is against you and when it is not, plus the specific moves that get it there.

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